Encyclopedia

Typewriter Glossary: 26 Vintage Terms Explained

Speaking typewriter is half of enjoying one. Here are the words every owner, buyer and fan should know.

Platen · roller
The rubber cylinder that carries the paper forward and backs each keystroke.
Type bar · —
The metal arm with a slug of type that swings up to strike the paper when a key is pressed.
Type ball / golf ball · element
IBM Selectric's spherical printing element that tilts and rotates to print; the whole font swaps in one piece.
Carriage · —
The moving assembly carrying the platen; it advances with each keystroke and snaps back at line end.
Carriage return · return
Pushing the carriage back to the line start, advancing the paper — ancestor of the Enter key.
Pica · 10 CPI
A type size of 10 characters per inch — larger and readable, common in letters and official documents.
Elite · 12 CPI
A type size of 12 characters per inch — smaller, packing more text per page.
CPI · chars per inch
Characters Per Inch, the density measure. Pica = 10, Elite = 12.
Ribbon · —
The inked fabric (or film) band the type strikes to transfer ink. The classic is a red-and-black two-color ribbon.
Bell / margin bell · end-of-line bell
The end-of-line warning: it rings about 5–8 characters before the margin to cue the typist.
QWERTY · keyboard layout
The layout named after its top-left six letters, designed in the 1870s to reduce type-bar jams and still standard today.
Shift key / Shift lock · —
Lowers (or raises) the whole type-basket to print capitals/symbols; Shift Lock holds it.
Segment · basket guide
The curved metal guide all type bars pass through, keeping every bar on the same striking point.
Escapement · —
The mechanism that advances the carriage one uniform step per character — the heartbeat of typing rhythm.
Margin stops · margins
Movable stops on the carriage rail that set the typing width and trip the end-of-line bell.
Tabulator · tab
Jumps the carriage to the next preset stop for tables and indents — the ancestor of the Tab key.
Touch · key action
The overall feel of key travel and return; adjustable on many machines and a favourite collector criterion.
Two-color ribbon selector · —
A small lever switching the ribbon between red, black and blank (stencil) positions, usually at the keyboard's right.
Platen knob · —
The wheel at either end of the platen for manual paper feed and fine line adjustment.
Backspace · —
Steps the carriage back one space, for overstrikes and corrections.
Keycap · key
The round or square top of a key bearing its character; glass keys are especially prized on old machines.
Type basket · —
The assembly holding all type bars; it shifts as a unit for upper/lower case.
Visible typewriter · —
A machine whose type strikes in front of the paper so the typist sees the result — pioneered by Underwood.
Blind writer · —
Early machines with the paper hidden behind the platen — the typist can't see the text.
Serial number · —
The number on the machine's badge used to date production; each brand has its own serial system.
Electric typewriter · —
Motor-driven machines with lighter keys and even print, common from the 1950s.

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